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💰 Economic Analysis Python Data Visualization 2015-2016 Dataset

Poverty, And The Jobs That Do Not Fix It

Unemployment is 2.24% — near the lowest on record. 33.6% of workers are in vulnerable employment: own-account and unpaid family work, without a wage or a contract. Almost everyone has work. That is a different thing from almost everyone having a job.

15.5%
Below the national poverty line (2023)
33.6%
In vulnerable employment
2.24%
Unemployment
39.3
Gini coefficient
Key Takeaways

The gap between 2.24% unemployment and 33.6% vulnerable employment is the whole story. Work is not scarce here; paid, secure work is.

  • 15.5% of Filipinos live below the national poverty line, down from 23.5% in 2015. On the World Bank's $3.65-a-day line it is 16.9%.
  • Inequality has barely moved. The Gini coefficient is 39.3 against 41.0 in 1985 — a change of -1.7 across 38 years of surveys.
  • The poorest fifth of the country receives 6.9% of income. The richest tenth receives 31.6%4.6 times as much, spread over half as many people.
  • These come from household surveys run every few years: 14 points across 38 years. The charts plot points on a real time axis rather than a smooth line, because the years between were never measured.

Full Employment, Without The Jobs

Two labour figures that are both true and appear to contradict each other. Unemployment counts people looking for work and not finding it. Vulnerable employment counts own-account and unpaid family workers — people working, without a wage, a contract or any of what usually comes with a job.

Unemployment against vulnerable employment, %

Unemployment

2.24%

Near the lowest on record. On this measure alone the labour market looks excellent.

Vulnerable employment

33.6%

A third of everyone working. Neither unemployed nor securely employed, and invisible to the headline rate.

Why both matter

A country can approach full employment and stay poor if the work is unpaid or informal. Reporting the first number without the second is the most common way to make this look better than it is.

Poverty Is Falling

The national poverty rate and the two international lines, at every year they were measured. This part is unambiguously good.

Poverty rate by measure, at survey years

National line

15.5%

In 2023, down from 23.5% in 2015.

$3.65 a day

16.9%

The World Bank's lower-middle-income line, comparable across countries.

$2.15 a day

5.3%

Extreme poverty. Far lower, and the two lines moving differently is why quoting only one is misleading.

Inequality Has Not

The distribution has been close to static for four decades, through every administration and every growth episode in that period.

Income share of the bottom 20% and top 10%, at survey years

Gini now

39.3

Against 41.0 in 1985 — a move of -1.7 in 38 years.

Poorest fifth

6.9%

Of all income, shared among 20% of the population.

Richest tenth

31.6%

4.6 times as much, among half as many people. That ratio is what the Gini number means in practice.

Against The Region

Five ASEAN economies at 2018, the latest year all of them have both measures. Comparing each country at its own latest print would put different years side by side and call the difference a gap.

Gini coefficient and $3.65 poverty rate, ASEAN-5

Gini rank

1 of 5

At 42.3 in the comparison year. The Philippines is the most unequal of this group.

GNI per capita

$4,850

A middle-income country by every classification, with a lower-middle-income distribution.

The uncomfortable pairing

Poverty falling while inequality holds means growth reached the poor — but reached everyone else at least as much.

What This Page Does Not Cover

The version this replaces charted agricultural wages by region, the gender wage gap, farm household income composition, rural income distribution and regional employment — using a 2015 wage, a 2002-03 farm income and a 2016 employment figure side by side as if they described one moment.

Everything regional

PSA's Family Income and Expenditure Survey carries all of it. psa.gov.ph sits behind a managed challenge that scripts do not pass, so no regional figure appears here at all.

Agricultural wages

Also PSA, and the specific figure the old page led with was a decade old when it was published. Nothing replaced it, because nothing open carries it.

Farm income composition

The 2002-03 figures the old page used are three surveys out of date. A number that old is not wrong so much as no longer about the present, and presenting it beside 2016 employment made it look current.

Method

One fetcher, four CSVs, via the shared helper in data/_lib/worldbank.py.

Surveys, not years

Poverty and distribution come from household surveys every few years. The survey table is published separately from the annual panel precisely so nobody joins the dots: 14 points across 38 years.

Nesting checks

The $3.65 line must always catch at least as many people as the $2.15 line, and the bottom fifth must always hold less than the top tenth. Both catch a transposed column pair, which otherwise produces entirely plausible-looking output.

Gaps stay gaps

Nulls are never forward-filled. The national poverty series has four points; drawing it as annual would invent the rest.

Two labour measures, always together

Unemployment and vulnerable employment appear on the same chart by design. Either alone gives a badly wrong impression of the same labour market.

Like-for-like comparison

The ASEAN table uses the latest year every country has (2018), which is older than the Philippine latest and is labelled as such.

Verification

Eight assertions in checks.sql, and every figure bound to a query in facts.sql.

Key Findings & Summary

  • Unemployment is 2.24% while 33.6% of workers are in vulnerable employment. Work is not scarce; paid, secure work is.
  • Poverty is falling: 15.5% below the national line in 2023, from 23.5% in 2015, and 16.9% on the $3.65 line.
  • Inequality is not. The Gini has moved -1.7 in 38 years, to 39.3.
  • The poorest fifth holds 6.9% of income against 31.6% for the richest tenth — 4.6 times as much, among half as many people.
  • All national. Every regional figure the previous version carried came from PSA surveys that cannot be fetched, and three of its headline numbers were between eight and twenty-one years apart.

Sources & Citations

Every figure on this page traces to one of these, through a CSV in data/ph-poverty/. Each is checked against its source query on every build.

World Bank World Development IndicatorsSecondary

Poverty rates, Gini, income shares, unemployment and vulnerable employment — Derived from PSA household surveys; PSA's own portal is not reachable by script

Prefer the plain-English version?

I wrote a companion post — “Almost Everyone Works. A Third Have No Wage.” — in simple, everyday words.

Read the blog post →